Having two survival weapons of different types in the same caliber would be redundant.
My suggestions for survival living would be a .30-30 lever action rifle of a reliable make and model, and a good-quality .22/.22 magnum convertible revolver. (And, if you wanted, a good 12-or 20-gauge break action or pump shotgun)
Note: if you are in long-range territory, or in an area up north where much larger game are the norm, you would probably choose a longer-range, flatter-shooting, harder-hitting cartridge/rifle combination. In that case, I would say a good bolt-action .30-06, .308, or the like would do you no wrong.
My reasoning for the above are as follows:
The .30-30 has taken all manner of North American mainland game, even grizzly bears, elk, and moose. In a survival situation, you want big game, not so much small game, because you want the most energy (calories) for your effort. If you shoot 6 squirrels in an hour that weigh 2 pounds apiece, giving you 12 pounds of meat that is lean, having virtually no fat, which is necessary to survival. As opposed to the same hour used to shoot 1 round of .30-30 at a deer, which will provide roughly 150 pounds of meat, depending on your regional location and the type of deer you are after.
Don't forget you can take that same rifle on the same hunt and shoot a black bear or wild hog, and you still have the revolver on your hip to allow you to get the squirrels, rabbits, doves, and groundhogs on your way to where the deer dropped and on the way back to camp; see where I'm going with all this?
Another few reasons for the .22 are that, while a rifle is a highly desirable thing to have, without training you will most likely not carry it wherever you go. It helps to have
something with you all the time, and a good revolver will be so comfortable you won't want it off. You can use it for any manner of small game, and even larger game, given a good opporitunity and a clear shot.
Plus, the extra cylinder allowing the use of .22 mag is a great advantage, since the cartridge is a lot flatter, allowing for good shots out to 60-75 yards with sufficient practice, and even further, if you find you have a knack for it. You will be able to use the .22 mag on significantly larger or tougher (small-to medium-) game, like raccoons, whose meat, roasted, provides a mind-boggling 2200-2600 calories per pound. As well as foxes, coyotes, wolves, bobcats, and the like, whose pelts are useful as well as beautiful and could be used in making clothing (like mittens or hats) as well as for trade.
My reason for the handgun choice being a
revolver is because with virtually any .22 autoloader, you have only the choice of .22 Long Rifle, and will not always cycle with subsonic rounds, whereas the revolver will chamber and fire all short, long, long rifle, cb longs and shorts, low-velocity, hypervelocity, whatever, giving you a much better chance of finding compatible ammo in a situation where you have to scrounge supplies from another location.
I wouldn't really suggest a shotgun as a mainstay survival weapon, simply because of the weight of the ammunition and the fact that the shells are so bulky; carrying as many rounds of a 12-gauge as you would a .30-30 would be a difference of about 30 pounds, and you don't want extra weight in any form...
Just my 2 cents.
You could also use the .30-30 with more effectiveness against maniacs, thieves, and the like, as opposed to just a .22 rifle....
